Keppra 100 mg/ ml Oral Solution 300 ml

Trade name:

Keppra 100 mg/ ml Oral Solution 300 ml

Compositions:

Levetiracetam 100 mg.

Description:

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

Antiepileptics; Other Antiepileptics

Pharmacodynamic effects:

Levetiracetam induced seizure protection in a broad range of animal models of partial and primary generalized seizures without having a pro-convulsant effect. The primary metabolite is inactive.

Indications:

Levetiracetam is indicated as monotherapy in the treatment of:

• partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults and adolescents from 16 years of age with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Levetiracetam is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of:

partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults, adolescents, children and infants from 1 month of age with epilepsy,idiopathic generalised epilepsy.

Dosage and Administration:

The oral solution may be diluted in a glass of water or baby’s bottle and may be taken with or without food. 

After oral administration the bitter taste of levetiracetam may be experienced. The daily dose is administered in two equally divided doses.

Monotherapy:

Adults and adolescents from 16 years of age

The recommended starting dose is 250 mg twice daily which should be increased to an initial therapeutic dose of 500 mg twice daily after two weeks. The maximum dose is 1500 mg twice daily.

Add-on therapy:

Adults (>18 years) and adolescents (12 to 17 years) weighing 50 kg or more:

The initial therapeutic dose is 500 mg twice daily. This dose can be started on the first day of treatment.

Depending upon the clinical response and tolerably, the daily dose can be increased up to 1,500 mg twice daily. 

Levetiracetam oral solution is the preferred formulation for use in infants and children under the age of 6 years.

The physician should prescribe the most appropriate pharmaceutical form, presentation and strength according to age, weight and dose.

Add-on therapy:

Add-on therapy for infants aged from 6 to 23 months, children (2 to 11 years/ and adolescents (12 to 17 years weighing less than 50 kg

For children 6 years and above, levetiracetamiral solution should be used for doses under 250 mg, for doses not multiple of 250 mg when dosing recommendation is not achievable by taking multiple tablets and for patients unable to swallow tablets. The initial therapeutic dose is 10 mg/kg twice daily.

Depending upon the clinical response and tenability, the dose can be increased up to 30 mg/kg twice daily. Dose changes should not exceed increases or decreases of 10 mg/kg twice daily every two weeks.

The lowest effective dose should be used.

Dose in children 50 kg or greater is the same as in adults.

Infants:

The initial therapeutic dose is 7 mg/kg twice daily.

Depending upon the clinical response and tolerability, the dose can be increased up to 21 mg/kg twice a day. Dose changes should not exceed increases or decreases of 7 mg/kg twice daily every two weeks.

The lowest effective dose should be used.

For more information about doses and weight see leaflet.

Contraindications:

Levetiracetam is contraindicated in:

• hypersensitivity to the active substance or other pyrrolidone derivatives or to any of the excipients.

Warnings and Precautions:

Renal or hepatic impairment:

The administration of leveliracetam to patients with renal impairment may require dose adjustment. In patients with severely impaired hepatic function, assessment of renal function is recommended before dose selection.

Acute kidney injury:

The use of levetiracetam has been very rarely associated with acute kidney injury, with a time to onset ranging from a few days to several months.

Blood cell counts:

Rare cases of decreased blood cell counts (neutropenia, agranulocytosis, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia) have been described in association with levetiracetam administration, generally at the beginning of the treatment. Complete blood cell counts are advised in patients experiencing important weakness, pyrexia, recurrent infections or coagulation disorders.

Depression and/or suicidal ideation

Suicide, suicide attempt, suicidal ideation and behaviour have been reported in patients treated with anti-epileptic agents including levetiracetam). A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of mechanism of this risk is not known.

anti-epileptic medicinal products has shown a small increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviour. The Therefore palients should be monitored for signs of depression and or suicidal ideation and behaviours and appropriate treatment should be considered. Patients (and caregivers of patients) should be advised to seek medical advice should signs of depression and/or suicidal ideation or behavior emerge.

Warnings and Precautions:

Renal or hepatic impairment:

The administration of levetiracetam to patients with renal impairment may require dose adjustment.

Acute kidney injury:

The use of levetiracetam has been very rarely associated with acute kidney injury, with a time to onset ranging from a few days to several months.

Blood cell counts:

Rare cases of decreased blood cell counts (neutropenia, agranulocytosis, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia) have been described in association with levetiracetam administration, generally at the beginning of the treatment. 

Depression and/or suicidal ideation:

Antiepileptic drugs increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviour in patients taking these drugs for any indication. 

Abnormal and aggressive behaviours:

Levetiracetam may cause psychotic symptoms and behavioural abnormalities including irritability and aggressiveness. 

Worsening of seizures:

As with other types of antipileptic drugs, levetiracetam may rarely exacerbate seizure frequency or severity. 

Electrocardiogram QT interval prolongation:

Rare cases of ECG QT interval prolongation have been observed during the post-marketing surveillance. Levetiracetam should be used with caution in patients with QTc-interval prolongation, in patients concomitanty treated with drugs affecting the aT-interval, or in patients with relevant preexisting cardiac disease or electrolyte disturbances.

Interactions:

Methotrexate: Concomitant administration of levetiracetam and methotrexate has been reported to decrease methotrexate clearance, resulting in increased/prolonged blood methotrexate concentration to potentially toxic levels. Blood methotrexate and levetiracetam levels should be carefully monitored in patients treated concomitantly with the two drugs.

Laxatives: There have been isolated reports of decreased levetiracetam efficacy when the osmotic laxative macrogol has been concomitantly administered with oral levetiracetam. Therefore, macrogol should not be taken orally for one hour before and for one hour after taking levetiracetam.

Pregnancy and Lactation:

Specialist advice should be given to women who are of childbearing potential. Treatment with levetiracetam should be reviewed when a woman is planning to become pregnant. As with all antiepileptic medicines, sudden discontinuation of levetiracetam should be avoided as this may lead to breakthrough seizures that could have serious consequences for the woman and the unborn child. 

Pregnancy:

A large amount of postmarketing data on pregnant women exposed to levetiracetam monotherapy (more than 1800, among which in more than 1500 exposure occurred during the first trimester) do not suggest an increase in the risk for major congenital malformations.

Physiological changes during pregnancy may affect levetiracetam concentration. Decrease in levetiracetam plasma concentrations has been observed during pregnancy. This decrease is more pronounced during the third trimester (up to 60% of baseline concentration before pregnancy). Appropriate clinical management of pregnant women treated with levetiracetam should be ensured.

Lactation:

Levetiracetam is excreted in human breast milk. Therefore, breast-feeding is not recommended.

However, if levetiracetam treatment is needed during breastfeeding, the benefit/risk of the treatment should be weighed considering the importance of breastfeeding.

Side Effects:

The most frequently reported adverse reactions were nasopharyngitis, somnolence, headache, fatigue and dizziness. 

-Infections and infestations:

Very common: nasopharyngitis

Rare: infection

-Blood and lymphatic system disorders:

Uncommon: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

Rare: pancytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis

-Immune system disorders:

Rare: drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), hypersensitivity (including angioedema and anaphylaxis)

-Metabolism and nutrition disorders:

Common: anorexia

Uncommon: weight decreased, weight increase

Rare: hyponatraemia

-Psychiatric disorders:

Common: depression, hostility/aggression, anxiety, insomnia, nervousness/iritability Uncommon: suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, psychotic disorder, abnormal behaviour, hallucination, anger, confusional state, panic attack, affect lability/mood swings, agitation Rare: completed suicide, personality disorder, thinking abnormal, delirium

-Nervous system disorders:

Very common: somnolence, headache

Common: convulsion, balance disorder, dizziness, lethargy, tremor Uncommon: amnesia, memory impairment, coordination abnormal/ataxia, paraesthesia, disturbance in attention

Rare: choreoathetosis, dyskinesia, hyperkinesia, gait disturbance, encephalopathy, seizures aggravated Eye disorders

Uncommon: diplopia, vision blurred

-Ear and labyrinth disorders:

Common: vertigo

-Cardiac disorders:

Rare: electrocardiogram QT prolonged

-Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders:

Common: cough

-Gastrointestinal disorders:

Common: abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, vomiting, nausea

Rare: pancreatitis

-Hepatobiliary disorders:

Uncommon: liver function test abnormal

Rare: hepatic failure, hepatitis Renal and urinary disorders Rare: acute kidney injury

-Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders:

Common: rash

Uncommon: alopecia, eczema, pruritus,

Rare: toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme

-Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders:

Uncommon: muscular weakness, myalgia

Rare: rhabdomyolysis and blood creatine phosphokinase increased

-General disorders and administration site conditions:

Common: asthenia, fatigue

Storage Method:

Store at temperature below 30°

Package:

A carton box contains a bottle 300 ml and a leaflet.